Diclofenac sodium (DCF), a common pharmaceutical contaminant, poses risks to both environmental and human health even at low concentrations. Although environmental levels typically fall within the ng/L–µg/L range, this study investigates DCF sorption in the low‑mg/L domain (1–10 mg/L) to elucidate adsorption mechanisms and thermodynamic behavior. A kaolinite-biochar composite made from almond shell biomass (Kaol-ASB) was evaluated as a sustainable adsorbent.
R. Lafi
R. Elleuch
S. Jebri
W. Mabrouk
A. Y. A. Alzahrani
Y. O. Al-Ghamdi
S. M. A. S. Keshk
Diclofenac sodium (DCF), a common pharmaceutical contaminant, poses risks to both environmental and human health even at low concentrations. Although environmental levels typically fall within the ng/L–µg/L range, this study investigates DCF sorption in the low‑mg/L domain (1–10 mg/L) to elucidate adsorption mechanisms and thermodynamic behavior. A kaolinite-biochar composite made from almond shell biomass (Kaol-ASB) was evaluated as a sustainable adsorbent.
R. Lafi; R. Elleuch; S. Jebri; W. Mabrouk; A. Y. A. Alzahrani; Y. O. Al-Ghamdi; S. M. A. S. Keshk. 2026-06. Sorption behavior of diclofenac on a kaolinite–biochar composite: adsorption mechanisms and environmental implications. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-026-07304-z
Senior Researcher in Polymer Materials, Nanocomposites and Sustainable Materials Engineering
Sherif Keshk specialises in polymer materials, nanocomposites and sustainable materials engineering.
View detailsSenior Researcher in Polymer Materials, Nanocomposites and Sustainable Materials Engineering
Sherif Keshk specialises in polymer materials, nanocomposites and sustainable materials engineering.
View details